Pretoria - Strong expectations of an increase in individual taxation in this week’s Budget, together with higher indirect taxes, were likely to depress residential property market activity, according to industry experts.
Jacques du Toit, a property analyst at Absa Home Loans, believed it unlikely that there would be any direct impact on the housing market from measures announced in the Budget, but there might be indirect effects.
He said hikes in transfer duty were unlikely and an increase in the VAT rate even more unlikely.
However, an increase in personal income tax was widely expected.
“There is a strong possibility that personal taxes will increase because there is a massive gap between government revenue and expenditure,” he said.
Du Toit said that in terms of the medium budget policy statement released in October, the tax revenue the government expected to get from individual taxpayers was expected to increase by 10percent a year over the next three years.
Further strain
With a poorly performing economy, this would put household disposable income under further strain, he said.
The medium term budget policy statement indicated that personal income tax was expected to increase from the estimated R429billion in 2016/17 to R472bn in 2017/18, R522bn in 2018/19 and R577bn in 2019/20.
Du Toit said that was a cumulative 34percent increase in personal tax revenue over the three years with only marginal increases expected in corporate income tax and VAT over the same period.
“It will obviously impact consumers’ finances and work through to the property market. It will cause a negative impact on consumer spending, particularly on big ticket items such as vehicles and property.
John Loos, a household and property sector strategist at FNB, expected the Budget to be mildly negative for the housing market because PAYE (paye as you earn) rates would increase.
“The effective tax rate will go up by not adjusting the tax brackets for bracket creep caused by inflation. It is the most obvious, easy and politically acceptable way to increase taxes.
“It’s possible the top marginal rate could also be lifted,” he said.
Loos said personal and wealth taxes as a percentage of disposable income had been rising over a number of years.
He doubted that there would be any increase in the transfer duty brackets, because there was hardly any house price growth and the National Treasury was looking for revenue.
But a significant increase in fuel tax could have an indirect impact on the housing market.
Loos said the increased transport costs caused by higher fuel taxes could over time make people question where they lived relative to where they worked, resulting in property values in more outlying areas coming under more pressure relative to places that were more favourably located.
“That does not normally happen in one year, but through a sustained increase in fuel taxes over a number of years,” he said.
Azar Jammine, the chief economist at Econometrix, believed there could be negative tax news for the property market in the Budget in terms of an increase in transfer duty, particularly on bigger property transactions, and a hike in capital gains tax.
However, Jammine said that would raise a fairly small amount of revenue compared to increases in personal tax and the fuel levy.
Jammine said an additional R15 billion could be brought into government coffers by not adjusting the tax brackets for inflation.
This was huge, even in terms of a hike in the top marginal rate on individuals from 41 percent to 45 percent, which would raise only an additional R7 billion, while increasing property transfer duties would bring in less than R1 billion, he said.